From 093ad98cc6ff35191c1fa974929dc9ddf3ccb419 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: rasswanth-s <43314053+rasswanth-s@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 17:43:13 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] shift state to pydantic

---
 packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py | 106 ++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 54 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py b/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py
index 0a3245074c7..9b7ccb6a41c 100644
--- a/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py
+++ b/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py
@@ -7,6 +7,24 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Optional
 
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, ValidationError
+
+
+class BgState(BaseModel):
+    """Typed top-level state for the background services.
+
+    ``extra="allow"`` preserves the on-disk JSON format for arbitrary top-level
+    keys written via :meth:`JsonStateManager.set_data` (e.g. ``snapshot``,
+    ``peer_snapshot``, ``email_approve_last_history_id``).
+    """
+
+    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")
+
+    notified_jobs: dict[str, list[str]] = Field(default_factory=dict)
+    approved_jobs: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = Field(default_factory=dict)
+    approved_peers: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = Field(default_factory=dict)
+    thread_ids: dict[str, str] = Field(default_factory=dict)
+
 
 class JsonStateManager:
     """Manages state persistence with file locking for both notify and approve services."""
@@ -17,7 +35,7 @@ def __init__(self, state_file: Path):
         self._lock_file = self.state_file.with_suffix(".lock")
 
         if not self.state_file.exists():
-            self._save_all({})
+            self._save(BgState())
 
     @contextmanager
     def _file_lock(self):
@@ -30,18 +48,17 @@ def _file_lock(self):
             finally:
                 fcntl.flock(lock_handle.fileno(), fcntl.LOCK_UN)
 
-    def _load_all(self) -> dict:
+    def _load(self) -> BgState:
         if not self.state_file.exists():
-            return {}
+            return BgState()
         try:
-            with open(self.state_file, "r") as f:
-                return json.load(f)
-        except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError, IOError):
-            return {}
+            return BgState.model_validate_json(self.state_file.read_text())
+        except (ValidationError, json.JSONDecodeError, OSError):
+            return BgState()
 
-    def _save_all(self, data: dict):
+    def _save(self, state: BgState) -> None:
         with open(self.state_file, "w") as f:
-            json.dump(data, f, indent=2)
+            f.write(state.model_dump_json(indent=2))
         self.state_file.chmod(0o600)
 
     def _now_iso(self) -> str:
@@ -51,86 +68,71 @@ def _now_iso(self) -> str:
 
     def was_notified(self, entity_id: str, event_type: str) -> bool:
         """Check if entity was already notified for event type."""
-        data = self._load_all()
-        notified = data.get("notified_jobs", {})
-        return event_type in notified.get(entity_id, [])
+        return event_type in self._load().notified_jobs.get(entity_id, [])
 
     def mark_notified(self, entity_id: str, event_type: str) -> None:
         """Mark entity as notified for event type."""
         with self._file_lock():
-            data = self._load_all()
-            if "notified_jobs" not in data:
-                data["notified_jobs"] = {}
-            if entity_id not in data["notified_jobs"]:
-                data["notified_jobs"][entity_id] = []
-            if event_type not in data["notified_jobs"][entity_id]:
-                data["notified_jobs"][entity_id].append(event_type)
-            self._save_all(data)
+            state = self._load()
+            events = state.notified_jobs.setdefault(entity_id, [])
+            if event_type not in events:
+                events.append(event_type)
+            self._save(state)
 
     # --- Approval state (for syft-approve) ---
 
     def was_approved(self, job_name: str) -> bool:
         """Check if job was already approved."""
-        data = self._load_all()
-        return job_name in data.get("approved_jobs", {})
+        return job_name in self._load().approved_jobs
 
     def mark_approved(self, job_name: str, submitted_by: str) -> None:
         """Mark job as approved."""
         with self._file_lock():
-            data = self._load_all()
-            if "approved_jobs" not in data:
-                data["approved_jobs"] = {}
-            data["approved_jobs"][job_name] = {
+            state = self._load()
+            state.approved_jobs[job_name] = {
                 "approved_at": self._now_iso(),
                 "submitted_by": submitted_by,
             }
-            self._save_all(data)
+            self._save(state)
 
     def get_approved_jobs(self) -> dict:
         """Get all approved jobs."""
-        return self._load_all().get("approved_jobs", {})
+        return self._load().approved_jobs
 
     def was_peer_approved(self, peer_email: str) -> bool:
         """Check if peer was already approved."""
-        data = self._load_all()
-        return f"peer_{peer_email}" in data.get("approved_peers", {})
+        return f"peer_{peer_email}" in self._load().approved_peers
 
     def mark_peer_approved(self, peer_email: str, domain: str) -> None:
         """Mark peer as approved."""
         with self._file_lock():
-            data = self._load_all()
-            if "approved_peers" not in data:
-                data["approved_peers"] = {}
-            data["approved_peers"][f"peer_{peer_email}"] = {
+            state = self._load()
+            state.approved_peers[f"peer_{peer_email}"] = {
                 "approved_at": self._now_iso(),
                 "domain": domain,
             }
-            self._save_all(data)
+            self._save(state)
 
     def get_approved_peers(self) -> dict:
         """Get all approved peers."""
-        return self._load_all().get("approved_peers", {})
+        return self._load().approved_peers
 
     # --- Email thread tracking ---
 
     def store_thread_id(self, job_name: str, thread_id: str) -> None:
         """Store Gmail thread ID for a job (for threaded notifications)."""
         with self._file_lock():
-            data = self._load_all()
-            if "thread_ids" not in data:
-                data["thread_ids"] = {}
-            data["thread_ids"][job_name] = thread_id
-            self._save_all(data)
+            state = self._load()
+            state.thread_ids[job_name] = thread_id
+            self._save(state)
 
     def get_thread_id(self, job_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
         """Get stored Gmail thread ID for a job."""
-        data = self._load_all()
-        return data.get("thread_ids", {}).get(job_name)
+        return self._load().thread_ids.get(job_name)
 
     def get_job_name_by_thread_id(self, thread_id: str) -> Optional[str]:
         """Reverse lookup: find job_name for a given Gmail thread ID."""
-        data = self._load_all()
-        for job_name, tid in data.get("thread_ids", {}).items():
+        for job_name, tid in self._load().thread_ids.items():
             if tid == thread_id:
                 return job_name
         return None
@@ -139,21 +141,21 @@ def get_job_name_by_thread_id(self, thread_id: str) -> Optional[str]:
 
     def is_empty(self) -> bool:
         """Check if state has no tracked entities (fresh state)."""
-        data = self._load_all()
+        state = self._load()
         # Consider empty if no notifications or approvals tracked
-        has_notified = bool(data.get("notified_jobs"))
-        has_approved = bool(data.get("approved_jobs") or data.get("approved_peers"))
+        has_notified = bool(state.notified_jobs)
+        has_approved = bool(state.approved_jobs or state.approved_peers)
         return not (has_notified or has_approved)
 
     # --- Generic data storage ---
 
     def get_data(self, key: str, default: Optional[Any] = None) -> Any:
         """Get arbitrary data by key."""
-        return self._load_all().get(key, default)
+        return self._load().model_dump(mode="json").get(key, default)
 
     def set_data(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
         """Set arbitrary data by key."""
         with self._file_lock():
-            data = self._load_all()
-            data[key] = value
-            self._save_all(data)
+            state = self._load()
+            setattr(state, key, value)
+            self._save(state)

From ad04459ec32d1f94ae4b1eb5fdc8441ee3e90e92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: rasswanth-s <43314053+rasswanth-s@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 17:47:03 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] shift json state manager to base model

---
 packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py | 13 +++++++++----
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py b/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py
index 9b7ccb6a41c..10fda7cea45 100644
--- a/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py
+++ b/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, ValidationError
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, PrivateAttr, ValidationError
 
 
 class BgState(BaseModel):
@@ -26,11 +26,16 @@ class BgState(BaseModel):
     thread_ids: dict[str, str] = Field(default_factory=dict)
 
 
-class JsonStateManager:
+class JsonStateManager(BaseModel):
     """Manages state persistence with file locking for both notify and approve services."""
 
-    def __init__(self, state_file: Path):
-        self.state_file = Path(state_file).expanduser()
+    state_file: Path
+    _lock_file: Path = PrivateAttr()
+
+    def __init__(self, state_file: Path) -> None:
+        super().__init__(state_file=Path(state_file).expanduser())
+
+    def model_post_init(self, __context: Any) -> None:
         self.state_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         self._lock_file = self.state_file.with_suffix(".lock")
 

From 137c62617fc29cd28688c08f94fc66b76d70a79d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: rasswanth-s <43314053+rasswanth-s@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 18:00:29 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] shift __init___ to model post init, add keyword argument
 to JsonStatemanager for initialization

---
 .../src/syft_bg/approve/orchestrator.py       |  2 +-
 packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py  |  4 +---
 .../src/syft_bg/email_approve/orchestrator.py |  4 ++--
 .../src/syft_bg/notify/orchestrator.py        |  4 ++--
 .../syft-bg/src/syft_bg/sync/orchestrator.py  |  2 +-
 tests/unit/syft_bg/test_common.py             | 18 +++++++--------
 .../unit/syft_bg/test_email_approval_flow.py  |  4 ++--
 tests/unit/syft_bg/test_email_approve.py      |  6 ++---
 .../syft_bg/test_email_auto_approve_flow.py   |  4 ++--
 tests/unit/syft_bg/test_sync_consumers.py     | 22 +++++++++----------
 tests/unit/syft_bg/test_sync_orchestrator.py  |  2 +-
 11 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/approve/orchestrator.py b/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/approve/orchestrator.py
index b4447b45a96..20db094644d 100644
--- a/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/approve/orchestrator.py
+++ b/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/approve/orchestrator.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.interval = config.interval
         self._config_path = config_path
 
-        self._state = JsonStateManager(config.approve_state_path)
+        self._state = JsonStateManager(state_file=config.approve_state_path)
         self._monitors_initialized = False
 
     def setup(self) -> None:
diff --git a/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py b/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py
index 10fda7cea45..48f5941aa7e 100644
--- a/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py
+++ b/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/common/state.py
@@ -32,10 +32,8 @@ class JsonStateManager(BaseModel):
     state_file: Path
     _lock_file: Path = PrivateAttr()
 
-    def __init__(self, state_file: Path) -> None:
-        super().__init__(state_file=Path(state_file).expanduser())
-
     def model_post_init(self, __context: Any) -> None:
+        self.state_file = self.state_file.expanduser()
         self.state_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         self._lock_file = self.state_file.with_suffix(".lock")
 
diff --git a/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/email_approve/orchestrator.py b/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/email_approve/orchestrator.py
index 49bd3839317..25e9daf0847 100644
--- a/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/email_approve/orchestrator.py
+++ b/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/email_approve/orchestrator.py
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ def from_config(
         credentials = GmailAuth().load_credentials(config.gmail_token_path)
 
         watcher = GmailWatcher(credentials)
-        state = JsonStateManager(config.email_approve_state_path)
-        notify_state = JsonStateManager(config.notify_state_path)
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=config.email_approve_state_path)
+        notify_state = JsonStateManager(state_file=config.notify_state_path)
 
         handler = EmailApproveHandler(
             job_client=job_client,
diff --git a/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/notify/orchestrator.py b/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/notify/orchestrator.py
index fa7ae754dcc..c64cfbee8d4 100644
--- a/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/notify/orchestrator.py
+++ b/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/notify/orchestrator.py
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def from_config(
         credentials = GmailAuth().load_credentials(config.gmail_token_path)
         sender = GmailSender(credentials)
 
-        state_manager = JsonStateManager(config.notify_state_path)
+        state_manager = JsonStateManager(state_file=config.notify_state_path)
 
         job_handler = JobHandler(
             sender,
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def from_config(
             state=state_manager,
         )
 
-        sync_state = JsonStateManager(config.sync_state_path)
+        sync_state = JsonStateManager(state_file=config.sync_state_path)
 
         peer_monitor = PeerMonitor(
             do_email=config.do_email,
diff --git a/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/sync/orchestrator.py b/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/sync/orchestrator.py
index 5b93ef9996b..b2258c4d1e5 100644
--- a/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/sync/orchestrator.py
+++ b/packages/syft-bg/src/syft_bg/sync/orchestrator.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def from_config(cls, config: SyncConfig) -> SyncOrchestrator:
                 force_ignore_peer_version=config.force_ignore_peer_version,
             )
 
-        state = JsonStateManager(config.sync_state_path)
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=config.sync_state_path)
 
         return cls(
             client=client,
diff --git a/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_common.py b/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_common.py
index d9188df2ed1..b4bcea96f83 100644
--- a/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_common.py
+++ b/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_common.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class TestJsonStateManager:
     def test_empty_state_file(self, temp_dir):
         """Should handle non-existent state file."""
         state_path = temp_dir / "state.json"
-        state = JsonStateManager(state_path)
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=state_path)
 
         assert not state.was_notified("job1", "new_job")
         assert not state.was_approved("job1")
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def test_empty_state_file(self, temp_dir):
     def test_mark_and_check_notified(self, temp_dir):
         """Should track notified jobs by event type."""
         state_path = temp_dir / "state.json"
-        state = JsonStateManager(state_path)
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=state_path)
 
         assert not state.was_notified("job1", "new_job")
         state.mark_notified("job1", "new_job")
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def test_mark_and_check_notified(self, temp_dir):
     def test_mark_and_check_approved(self, temp_dir):
         """Should track approved jobs."""
         state_path = temp_dir / "state.json"
-        state = JsonStateManager(state_path)
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=state_path)
 
         assert not state.was_approved("job1")
         state.mark_approved("job1", "user@example.com")
@@ -78,17 +78,17 @@ def test_state_persists_to_file(self, temp_dir):
         state_path = temp_dir / "state.json"
 
         # Write state
-        state1 = JsonStateManager(state_path)
+        state1 = JsonStateManager(state_file=state_path)
         state1.mark_notified("job1", "new_job")
 
         # Read with new instance
-        state2 = JsonStateManager(state_path)
+        state2 = JsonStateManager(state_file=state_path)
         assert state2.was_notified("job1", "new_job")
 
     def test_state_file_is_valid_json(self, temp_dir):
         """State file should be valid JSON."""
         state_path = temp_dir / "state.json"
-        state = JsonStateManager(state_path)
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=state_path)
         state.mark_notified("job1", "new_job")
 
         # Should be parseable as JSON
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def test_state_file_is_valid_json(self, temp_dir):
     def test_get_and_set_data(self, temp_dir):
         """Should support generic get/set operations."""
         state_path = temp_dir / "state.json"
-        state = JsonStateManager(state_path)
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=state_path)
 
         assert state.get_data("custom_key") is None
         state.set_data("custom_key", {"foo": "bar"})
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def test_get_and_set_data(self, temp_dir):
     def test_store_and_get_thread_id(self, temp_dir):
         """Should store a thread_id for a job and retrieve it."""
         state_path = temp_dir / "state.json"
-        state = JsonStateManager(state_path)
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=state_path)
 
         state.store_thread_id("job1", "thread-abc-123")
         assert state.get_thread_id("job1") == "thread-abc-123"
@@ -117,6 +117,6 @@ def test_store_and_get_thread_id(self, temp_dir):
     def test_get_thread_id_nonexistent(self, temp_dir):
         """Should return None for an unknown job's thread_id."""
         state_path = temp_dir / "state.json"
-        state = JsonStateManager(state_path)
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=state_path)
 
         assert state.get_thread_id("nonexistent_job") is None
diff --git a/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_email_approval_flow.py b/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_email_approval_flow.py
index 8dc517935e0..f1a6240d2ca 100644
--- a/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_email_approval_flow.py
+++ b/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_email_approval_flow.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def _make_notify_orchestrator(
 
     Returns (orchestrator, notify_state, mock_sender).
     """
-    notify_state = JsonStateManager(tmp / "notify_state.json")
+    notify_state = JsonStateManager(state_file=tmp / "notify_state.json")
 
     mock_sender = MagicMock()
     mock_sender.notify_new_job.return_value = SendResult(
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def _make_email_approve_orchestrator(
     """
     do_email = do_manager.email
 
-    email_approve_state = JsonStateManager(tmp / "email_approve_state.json")
+    email_approve_state = JsonStateManager(state_file=tmp / "email_approve_state.json")
     email_approve_state.set_data("email_approve_last_history_id", "10000")
 
     handler = EmailApproveHandler(
diff --git a/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_email_approve.py b/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_email_approve.py
index b81ae523058..9a2b4b275f3 100644
--- a/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_email_approve.py
+++ b/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_email_approve.py
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ def test_forwarded_message(self):
 
 class TestEmailApproveHandler:
     def _make_handler(self, tmp_path):
-        state = JsonStateManager(tmp_path / "email_approve_state.json")
-        notify_state = JsonStateManager(tmp_path / "notify_state.json")
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=tmp_path / "email_approve_state.json")
+        notify_state = JsonStateManager(state_file=tmp_path / "notify_state.json")
         job_client = MagicMock()
         job_runner = MagicMock()
         handler = EmailApproveHandler(
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ def test_job_not_pending(self, tmp_path):
 
 class TestStateReverseLookup:
     def test_get_job_name_by_thread_id(self, tmp_path):
-        state = JsonStateManager(tmp_path / "state.json")
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=tmp_path / "state.json")
         state.store_thread_id("job_a", "thread_1")
         state.store_thread_id("job_b", "thread_2")
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_email_auto_approve_flow.py b/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_email_auto_approve_flow.py
index 3372cb8e238..0fb0fed921c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_email_auto_approve_flow.py
+++ b/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_email_auto_approve_flow.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def _make_notify_orchestrator(
     tmp: Path,
 ) -> tuple[NotificationOrchestrator, JsonStateManager, MagicMock]:
     """Create a NotificationOrchestrator with a mocked GmailSender."""
-    notify_state = JsonStateManager(tmp / "notify_state.json")
+    notify_state = JsonStateManager(state_file=tmp / "notify_state.json")
 
     mock_sender = MagicMock()
     mock_sender.notify_new_job.return_value = SendResult(
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def _make_email_approve_orchestrator(
     """Create email approve components with mocked GmailWatcher."""
     do_email = do_manager.email
 
-    email_approve_state = JsonStateManager(tmp / "email_approve_state.json")
+    email_approve_state = JsonStateManager(state_file=tmp / "email_approve_state.json")
     email_approve_state.set_data("email_approve_last_history_id", "10000")
 
     handler = EmailApproveHandler(
diff --git a/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_sync_consumers.py b/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_sync_consumers.py
index 6592c03d6f8..9805a180d56 100644
--- a/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_sync_consumers.py
+++ b/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_sync_consumers.py
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ def _write_snapshot(state: JsonStateManager, **kwargs) -> None:
 
 class TestPeerMonitorWithSnapshot:
     def test_reads_peers_from_snapshot(self, temp_dir):
-        sync_state = JsonStateManager(temp_dir / "sync_state.json")
+        sync_state = JsonStateManager(state_file=temp_dir / "sync_state.json")
         _write_snapshot(sync_state, peer_emails=["ds@test.com"])
         handler = MagicMock()
         handler.on_new_peer_request_to_do.return_value = True
         handler.on_peer_request_sent.return_value = True
-        state = JsonStateManager(temp_dir / "state.json")
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=temp_dir / "state.json")
 
         monitor = PeerMonitor(
             do_email="do@test.com",
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ def test_reads_peers_from_snapshot(self, temp_dir):
         )
 
     def test_reads_approved_peers_from_snapshot(self, temp_dir):
-        sync_state = JsonStateManager(temp_dir / "sync_state.json")
+        sync_state = JsonStateManager(state_file=temp_dir / "sync_state.json")
         _write_snapshot(sync_state, approved_peer_emails=["ds@test.com"])
         handler = MagicMock()
         handler.on_peer_granted.return_value = True
-        state = JsonStateManager(temp_dir / "state.json")
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=temp_dir / "state.json")
 
         monitor = PeerMonitor(
             do_email="do@test.com",
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ def test_reads_approved_peers_from_snapshot(self, temp_dir):
         handler.on_peer_granted.assert_called_once_with("ds@test.com", "do@test.com")
 
     def test_missing_snapshot_returns_empty_peers(self, temp_dir):
-        sync_state = JsonStateManager(temp_dir / "sync_state.json")
+        sync_state = JsonStateManager(state_file=temp_dir / "sync_state.json")
         handler = MagicMock()
-        state = JsonStateManager(temp_dir / "state.json")
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=temp_dir / "state.json")
 
         monitor = PeerMonitor(
             do_email="do@test.com",
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def test_detects_new_job(self, temp_dir):
         self._setup_job(temp_dir)
         handler = MagicMock()
         handler.on_new_job.return_value = True
-        state = JsonStateManager(temp_dir / "state.json")
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=temp_dir / "state.json")
         state.mark_notified("_dummy", "x")  # non-empty state -> not fresh
 
         monitor = JobMonitor(
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ def test_detects_approved_status(self, temp_dir):
         handler = MagicMock()
         handler.on_new_job.return_value = True
         handler.on_job_approved.return_value = True
-        state = JsonStateManager(temp_dir / "state.json")
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=temp_dir / "state.json")
         state.mark_notified("_dummy", "x")
 
         monitor = JobMonitor(
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ def test_detects_executed_status(self, temp_dir):
         handler.on_new_job.return_value = True
         handler.on_job_approved.return_value = True
         handler.on_job_executed.return_value = True
-        state = JsonStateManager(temp_dir / "state.json")
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=temp_dir / "state.json")
         state.mark_notified("_dummy", "x")
 
         monitor = JobMonitor(
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ def test_detects_executed_status(self, temp_dir):
     def test_skips_old_jobs_on_fresh_state(self, temp_dir):
         self._setup_job(temp_dir)
         handler = MagicMock()
-        state = JsonStateManager(temp_dir / "state.json")  # empty = fresh
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=temp_dir / "state.json")  # empty = fresh
 
         monitor = JobMonitor(
             syftbox_root=temp_dir,
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ def test_skips_old_jobs_on_fresh_state(self, temp_dir):
 
     def test_no_inbox_dir_doesnt_crash(self, temp_dir):
         handler = MagicMock()
-        state = JsonStateManager(temp_dir / "state.json")
+        state = JsonStateManager(state_file=temp_dir / "state.json")
 
         monitor = JobMonitor(
             syftbox_root=temp_dir,
diff --git a/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_sync_orchestrator.py b/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_sync_orchestrator.py
index 36d8e6ad3ab..12da7de15d0 100644
--- a/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_sync_orchestrator.py
+++ b/tests/unit/syft_bg/test_sync_orchestrator.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def _make_orchestrator(temp_dir, **config_overrides):
     syft_client.peer_manager.approved_peers = []
     syft_client.peer_manager.requested_by_peer_peers = []
 
-    state = JsonStateManager(temp_dir / "sync_state.json")
+    state = JsonStateManager(state_file=temp_dir / "sync_state.json")
     defaults = {"interval": 1, "max_retries": 2, "retry_backoff": 0.01}
     defaults.update(config_overrides)
     config = SyncConfig(**defaults)