diff --git a/music21/interval.py b/music21/interval.py
index e90ad75a7..df3357e4f 100644
--- a/music21/interval.py
+++ b/music21/interval.py
@@ -3460,7 +3460,14 @@ def _diatonicTransposePitch(self,
         pitch1 = p
         pitch2 = copy.deepcopy(pitch1)
         oldDiatonicNum = pitch1.diatonicNoteNum
-        # centsOrigin = pitch1.microtone.cents  # unused!!
+        # Only carry pitch1's microtone through when the interval is not itself
+        # microtonal: a microtonal interval already supplies the result's cents
+        # (e.g. scale realization), so preserving here would double-count.
+        intervalIsMicrotonal = self.chromatic.semitones != int(self.chromatic.semitones)
+        if not pitch1.isTwelveTone() and not intervalIsMicrotonal:
+            centsOrigin = pitch1.microtone.cents
+        else:
+            centsOrigin = 0.0
         distanceToMove = self.diatonic.generic.staffDistance
 
         newDiatonicNumber = oldDiatonicNum + distanceToMove
@@ -3473,9 +3480,15 @@ def _diatonicTransposePitch(self,
         # if this is not set to None then terrible things happen
         pitch2.microtone = None  # type: ignore
 
-        # We have the right note name but not the right accidental
-        interval2 = Interval(pitch1, pitch2)
-        # halfStepsToFix already has any microtones
+        # We have the right note name but not the right accidental. Measure it
+        # from pitch1 without its microtone (reapplied to the result below); a
+        # microtonal endpoint here yields a fractional chromatic with no
+        # interval specifier.
+        pitch1ForAccidental = pitch1
+        if centsOrigin:
+            pitch1ForAccidental = copy.deepcopy(pitch1)
+            pitch1ForAccidental.microtone = None
+        interval2 = Interval(pitch1ForAccidental, pitch2)
         halfStepsToFix = self.chromatic.semitones - interval2.chromatic.semitones
 
         # environLocal.printDebug(['self', self, 'halfStepsToFix', halfStepsToFix,
@@ -3527,6 +3540,10 @@ def _diatonicTransposePitch(self,
                         and oldPitch2Accidental.name == 'natural'):
                     pitch2.accidental = oldPitch2Accidental
 
+        if centsOrigin:
+            # restore the cents peeled off halfStepsToFix above
+            pitch2.microtone = pitch2.microtone.cents + centsOrigin
+
         if useImplicitOctave:
             pitch2.octave = None
 
diff --git a/music21/test/test_interval.py b/music21/test/test_interval.py
index da17bb5b3..a747bb41a 100644
--- a/music21/test/test_interval.py
+++ b/music21/test/test_interval.py
@@ -350,6 +350,51 @@ def testIntervalMicrotonesB(self):
         i = interval.Interval(note.Note('c4'), note.Note('c~4'))
         self.assertEqual(str(i), '<music21.interval.Interval A1 (-50c)>')
 
+    def testTransposeMicrotonePreserved(self):
+        # A microtone (cents offset) must survive transposition unchanged and
+        # must not be turned into a spurious quarter-tone accidental. Formerly
+        # the source microtone leaked into the accidental computation, so e.g.
+        # C4(+30c) transposed by a unison became C~4(-20c), or larger microtones
+        # raised AccidentalException.
+
+        # Transposing by a perfect unison is the identity.
+        p = pitch.Pitch('C4')
+        p.microtone = 30
+        out = p.transpose(interval.Interval('P1'))
+        self.assertEqual(out.nameWithOctave, 'C4')
+        self.assertEqual(out.microtone.cents, 30)
+
+        # A formerly-crashing case: G#5(+50c) transposed by an augmented unison.
+        p = pitch.Pitch('G#5')
+        p.microtone = 50
+        out = p.transpose(interval.Interval('A1'))
+        self.assertEqual(out.nameWithOctave, 'G##5')
+        self.assertEqual(out.microtone.cents, 50)
+
+        # A quarter-tone accidental and a microtone both survive a unison.
+        p = pitch.Pitch('C~4')
+        p.microtone = 30
+        out = p.transpose(interval.Interval('P1'))
+        self.assertEqual(out.name, 'C~')
+        self.assertEqual(out.microtone.cents, 30)
+
+        # Across intervals and microtone magnitudes: the cents are preserved,
+        # the sounding pitch moves by exactly the interval, and no quarter-tone
+        # accidental is introduced on an integer-semitone interval.
+        for iName in ['P1', 'm2', 'M3', 'P5', 'm7', 'P8', 'A4', 'd5']:
+            iv = interval.Interval(iName)
+            for cents in (-49, -25, 26, 49):
+                with self.subTest(interval=iName, cents=cents):
+                    src = pitch.Pitch('C4')
+                    src.microtone = cents
+                    psBefore = src.ps
+                    out = src.transpose(iv)
+                    self.assertAlmostEqual(out.microtone.cents, cents)
+                    self.assertAlmostEqual(out.ps - psBefore,
+                                           iv.chromatic.semitones)
+                    if out.accidental is not None:
+                        self.assertEqual(out.accidental.alter % 1, 0.0)
+
     def testDescendingAugmentedUnison(self):
         ns = note.Note('C4')
         ne = note.Note('C-4')