diff --git a/src/diffusers/configuration_utils.py b/src/diffusers/configuration_utils.py
index 16a100aad47c..194f377d3b37 100644
--- a/src/diffusers/configuration_utils.py
+++ b/src/diffusers/configuration_utils.py
@@ -683,8 +683,10 @@ def inner_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
         parameters = {
             name: p.default for i, (name, p) in enumerate(signature.parameters.items()) if i > 0 and name not in ignore
         }
+        positional_arg_names = set()
         for arg, name in zip(args, parameters.keys()):
             new_kwargs[name] = arg
+            positional_arg_names.add(name)
 
         # Then add all kwargs
         new_kwargs.update(
@@ -695,9 +697,12 @@ def inner_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
             }
         )
 
-        # Take note of the parameters that were not present in the loaded config
-        if len(set(new_kwargs.keys()) - set(init_kwargs)) > 0:
-            new_kwargs["_use_default_values"] = list(set(new_kwargs.keys()) - set(init_kwargs))
+        # Take note of the parameters that were not present in the loaded config.
+        # Both keyword args (init_kwargs) and positional args must be considered
+        # explicitly provided so they survive from_config round trips.
+        explicitly_provided = set(init_kwargs) | positional_arg_names
+        if len(set(new_kwargs.keys()) - explicitly_provided) > 0:
+            new_kwargs["_use_default_values"] = list(set(new_kwargs.keys()) - explicitly_provided)
 
         new_kwargs = {**config_init_kwargs, **new_kwargs}
         getattr(self, "register_to_config")(**new_kwargs)
diff --git a/tests/others/test_config.py b/tests/others/test_config.py
index 58567f80f550..0e3b99ae6d17 100644
--- a/tests/others/test_config.py
+++ b/tests/others/test_config.py
@@ -296,6 +296,21 @@ def test_use_default_values(self, tmp_path):
         # Nevertheless "e" should still be correctly loaded to [1, 3] from SampleObject2 instead of defaulting to [1, 5]
         assert new_config_2.config.e == [1, 3]
 
+    def test_positional_args_survive_from_config_round_trip(self, tmp_path):
+        """Non-regression test for https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/issues/14460"""
+        obj = SampleObject(10, 20)
+        assert obj.config["a"] == 10
+        assert obj.config["b"] == 20
+
+        obj.save_config(tmp_path)
+        loaded = SampleObject.from_config(SampleObject.load_config(tmp_path))
+        assert loaded.config["a"] == 10
+        assert loaded.config["b"] == 20
+
+        # Also verify positional args are not in _use_default_values
+        assert "a" not in obj.config._use_default_values
+        assert "b" not in obj.config._use_default_values
+
     def test_check_path_types(self):
         # Verify that we get a string returned from a WindowsPath or PosixPath (depending on system)
         config = SampleObjectPaths()