diff --git a/benchmark/crypto/create-hmac.js b/benchmark/crypto/create-hmac.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..a6c9b546756d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/crypto/create-hmac.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common.js');
+const { createHmac } = require('crypto');
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+const bench = common.createBenchmark(main, {
+  n: [1e5],
+  algo: ['sha1', 'sha256', 'sha512'],
+  keylen: [0, 16, 64, 1024],
+});
+
+function main({ n, algo, keylen }) {
+  const key = Buffer.alloc(keylen, 'k');
+  const hmacs = new Array(n);
+
+  bench.start();
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    hmacs[i] = createHmac(algo, key);
+  }
+  bench.end(n);
+
+  assert.strictEqual(typeof hmacs[n - 1], 'object');
+}
diff --git a/benchmark/crypto/hmac-throughput.js b/benchmark/crypto/hmac-throughput.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..bc1d2d13c4636a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/crypto/hmac-throughput.js
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Throughput benchmark
+// creates a single HMAC, then pushes a bunch of data through it
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common.js');
+const { createHmac } = require('crypto');
+
+const bench = common.createBenchmark(main, {
+  n: [500],
+  algo: ['sha1', 'sha256', 'sha512'],
+  keylen: [64],
+  type: ['asc', 'utf', 'buf'],
+  len: [2, 1024, 102400, 1024 * 1024],
+  api: ['update', 'stream'],
+});
+
+function main({ api, type, len, algo, keylen, n }) {
+  let message;
+  let encoding;
+  switch (type) {
+    case 'asc':
+      message = 'a'.repeat(len);
+      encoding = 'ascii';
+      break;
+    case 'utf':
+      message = '\u00fc'.repeat(len / 2);
+      encoding = 'utf8';
+      break;
+    case 'buf':
+      message = Buffer.alloc(len, 'b');
+      break;
+    default:
+      throw new Error(`unknown message type: ${type}`);
+  }
+
+  const fn = api === 'stream' ? streamWrite : updateDigest;
+  const key = Buffer.alloc(keylen, 'k');
+
+  bench.start();
+  fn(algo, key, message, encoding, n, len);
+}
+
+function updateDigest(algo, key, message, encoding, n, len) {
+  const written = n * len;
+  const bits = written * 8;
+  const gbits = bits / (1024 * 1024 * 1024);
+  const h = createHmac(algo, key);
+
+  while (n-- > 0)
+    h.update(message, encoding);
+
+  h.digest();
+
+  bench.end(gbits);
+}
+
+function streamWrite(algo, key, message, encoding, n, len) {
+  const written = n * len;
+  const bits = written * 8;
+  const gbits = bits / (1024 * 1024 * 1024);
+  const h = createHmac(algo, key);
+
+  while (n-- > 0)
+    h.write(message, encoding);
+
+  h.end();
+  h.read();
+
+  bench.end(gbits);
+}
diff --git a/benchmark/crypto/webcrypto-hmac.js b/benchmark/crypto/webcrypto-hmac.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..643d44747b7943
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/crypto/webcrypto-hmac.js
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common.js');
+const { subtle } = globalThis.crypto;
+
+const signParams = { name: 'HMAC' };
+
+let keys;
+let currentHash;
+let currentKeyLength;
+
+const bench = common.createBenchmark(main, {
+  hash: ['SHA-1', 'SHA-256', 'SHA-512'],
+  mode: ['serial', 'parallel'],
+  keyReuse: ['shared', 'unique'],
+  keylen: [512],
+  len: [0, 256, 4096],
+  n: [1e3],
+}, {
+  test: {
+    keylen: 512,
+  },
+  combinationFilter(p) {
+    // Unique only differs from shared when operations overlap (parallel);
+    // sequential calls have no contention so unique+serial adds no value.
+    if (p.keyReuse === 'unique') return p.mode === 'parallel';
+    return true;
+  },
+});
+
+async function createSigningKeys(n, hash, keylen) {
+  keys = new Array(n);
+  currentHash = hash;
+  currentKeyLength = keylen;
+
+  const algorithm = { name: 'HMAC', hash, length: keylen };
+  const key = await subtle.generateKey(algorithm, true, ['sign']);
+  const raw = await subtle.exportKey('raw', key);
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    keys[i] = await subtle.importKey('raw', raw, algorithm, false, ['sign']);
+  }
+}
+
+async function measureSerial(n, sharedKey, data) {
+  bench.start();
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    await subtle.sign(signParams, sharedKey || keys[i], data);
+  }
+  bench.end(n);
+}
+
+async function measureParallel(n, sharedKey, data) {
+  const promises = new Array(n);
+  bench.start();
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    promises[i] = subtle.sign(signParams, sharedKey || keys[i], data);
+  }
+  await Promise.all(promises);
+  bench.end(n);
+}
+
+async function main({ n, mode, keyReuse, hash, keylen, len }) {
+  if (!keys || keys.length !== n ||
+      currentHash !== hash || currentKeyLength !== keylen) {
+    await createSigningKeys(n, hash, keylen);
+  }
+
+  const data = new Uint8Array(len);
+  data.fill(0x62);
+  const sharedKey = keyReuse === 'shared' ? keys[0] : undefined;
+
+  switch (mode) {
+    case 'serial':
+      await measureSerial(n, sharedKey, data);
+      break;
+    case 'parallel':
+      await measureParallel(n, sharedKey, data);
+      break;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.cc b/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.cc
index 38378b730aca66..c0587bff836a11 100644
--- a/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.cc
+++ b/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.cc
@@ -4629,6 +4629,7 @@ bool extractP1363(const Buffer<const unsigned char>& buf,
 
 // ============================================================================
 
+#if !OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
 HMACCtxPointer::HMACCtxPointer() : ctx_(nullptr) {}
 
 HMACCtxPointer::HMACCtxPointer(HMAC_CTX* ctx) : ctx_(ctx) {}
@@ -4688,8 +4689,9 @@ bool HMACCtxPointer::digestInto(Buffer<void>* buf) {
 HMACCtxPointer HMACCtxPointer::New() {
   return HMACCtxPointer(HMAC_CTX_new());
 }
+#endif  // !OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
 
-#if OPENSSL_WITH_KMAC
+#if OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
 EVPMacPointer::EVPMacPointer(EVP_MAC* mac) : mac_(mac) {}
 
 EVPMacPointer::EVPMacPointer(EVPMacPointer&& other) noexcept
@@ -4777,7 +4779,92 @@ EVPMacCtxPointer EVPMacCtxPointer::New(EVP_MAC* mac) {
   if (!mac) return EVPMacCtxPointer();
   return EVPMacCtxPointer(EVP_MAC_CTX_new(mac));
 }
-#endif  // OPENSSL_WITH_KMAC
+
+HMACCtxPointer::HMACCtxPointer() = default;
+
+HMACCtxPointer::HMACCtxPointer(EVPMacPointer&& mac, EVPMacCtxPointer&& ctx)
+    : mac_(std::move(mac)), ctx_(std::move(ctx)) {}
+
+HMACCtxPointer::HMACCtxPointer(HMACCtxPointer&& other) noexcept
+    : mac_(std::move(other.mac_)),
+      ctx_(std::move(other.ctx_)),
+      md_size_(other.md_size_) {
+  other.md_size_ = 0;
+}
+
+HMACCtxPointer& HMACCtxPointer::operator=(HMACCtxPointer&& other) noexcept {
+  if (this == &other) return *this;
+  mac_ = std::move(other.mac_);
+  ctx_ = std::move(other.ctx_);
+  md_size_ = other.md_size_;
+  other.md_size_ = 0;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+HMACCtxPointer::~HMACCtxPointer() {
+  reset();
+}
+
+void HMACCtxPointer::reset() {
+  ctx_.reset();
+  mac_.reset();
+  md_size_ = 0;
+}
+
+bool HMACCtxPointer::init(const Buffer<const void>& buf, const Digest& md) {
+  if (!ctx_ || !md) return false;
+
+  const char* md_name = EVP_MD_get0_name(md);
+  if (md_name == nullptr) return false;
+
+  OSSL_PARAM params[] = {
+      OSSL_PARAM_construct_utf8_string(
+          OSSL_MAC_PARAM_DIGEST, const_cast<char*>(md_name), 0),
+      OSSL_PARAM_construct_end(),
+  };
+
+  if (!ctx_.init(buf, params)) return false;
+  md_size_ = md.size();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool HMACCtxPointer::update(const Buffer<const void>& buf) {
+  if (!ctx_) return false;
+  return ctx_.update(buf);
+}
+
+DataPointer HMACCtxPointer::digest() {
+  if (md_size_ == 0) return {};
+  auto data = DataPointer::Alloc(md_size_);
+  if (!data) return {};
+  Buffer<void> buf = data;
+  if (!digestInto(&buf)) return {};
+  return data.resize(buf.len);
+}
+
+bool HMACCtxPointer::digestInto(Buffer<void>* buf) {
+  if (!ctx_) return false;
+
+  size_t len = buf->len;
+  if (EVP_MAC_final(
+          ctx_.get(), static_cast<unsigned char*>(buf->data), &len, buf->len) !=
+      1)
+    return false;
+
+  buf->len = len;
+  return true;
+}
+
+HMACCtxPointer HMACCtxPointer::New() {
+  auto mac = EVPMacPointer::Fetch(OSSL_MAC_NAME_HMAC);
+  if (!mac) return {};
+
+  auto ctx = EVPMacCtxPointer::New(mac.get());
+  if (!ctx) return {};
+
+  return HMACCtxPointer(std::move(mac), std::move(ctx));
+}
+#endif  // OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
 
 DataPointer hashDigest(const Buffer<const unsigned char>& buf,
                        const EVP_MD* md) {
diff --git a/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.h b/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.h
index b27e2e76c3dcfc..14088d8391fe52 100644
--- a/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.h
+++ b/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.h
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@
 #endif
 
 #if OPENSSL_VERSION_PREREQ(3, 0)
-#define OPENSSL_WITH_KMAC 1
+#define OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC 1
 #else
-#define OPENSSL_WITH_KMAC 0
+#define OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC 0
 #endif
 
 #if defined(OPENSSL_IS_BORINGSSL) || OPENSSL_VERSION_PREREQ(3, 2)
@@ -1528,6 +1528,7 @@ class EVPMDCtxPointer final {
   DeleteFnPtr<EVP_MD_CTX, EVP_MD_CTX_free> ctx_;
 };
 
+#if !OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
 class HMACCtxPointer final {
  public:
   HMACCtxPointer();
@@ -1554,8 +1555,9 @@ class HMACCtxPointer final {
  private:
   DeleteFnPtr<HMAC_CTX, HMAC_CTX_free> ctx_;
 };
+#endif  // !OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
 
-#if OPENSSL_WITH_KMAC
+#if OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
 class EVPMacPointer final {
  public:
   EVPMacPointer() = default;
@@ -1603,7 +1605,34 @@ class EVPMacCtxPointer final {
  private:
   DeleteFnPtr<EVP_MAC_CTX, EVP_MAC_CTX_free> ctx_;
 };
-#endif  // OPENSSL_WITH_KMAC
+
+class HMACCtxPointer final {
+ public:
+  HMACCtxPointer();
+  HMACCtxPointer(HMACCtxPointer&& other) noexcept;
+  HMACCtxPointer& operator=(HMACCtxPointer&& other) noexcept;
+  NCRYPTO_DISALLOW_COPY(HMACCtxPointer)
+  ~HMACCtxPointer();
+
+  inline bool operator==(std::nullptr_t) noexcept { return ctx_ == nullptr; }
+  inline operator bool() const { return ctx_ != nullptr; }
+  void reset();
+
+  bool init(const Buffer<const void>& buf, const Digest& md);
+  bool update(const Buffer<const void>& buf);
+  DataPointer digest();
+  bool digestInto(Buffer<void>* buf);
+
+  static HMACCtxPointer New();
+
+ private:
+  HMACCtxPointer(EVPMacPointer&& mac, EVPMacCtxPointer&& ctx);
+
+  EVPMacPointer mac_;
+  EVPMacCtxPointer ctx_;
+  size_t md_size_ = 0;
+};
+#endif  // OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
 
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
 class EnginePointer final {
diff --git a/src/crypto/README.md b/src/crypto/README.md
index 4059ae23711b84..8d66f34c6c29b9 100644
--- a/src/crypto/README.md
+++ b/src/crypto/README.md
@@ -90,12 +90,18 @@ using ECPointPointer = DeleteFnPtr<EC_POINT, EC_POINT_free>;
 using ECKeyPointer = DeleteFnPtr<EC_KEY, EC_KEY_free>;
 using DHPointer = DeleteFnPtr<DH, DH_free>;
 using ECDSASigPointer = DeleteFnPtr<ECDSA_SIG, ECDSA_SIG_free>;
-using HMACCtxPointer = DeleteFnPtr<HMAC_CTX, HMAC_CTX_free>;
 using CipherCtxPointer = DeleteFnPtr<EVP_CIPHER_CTX, EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free>;
 ```
 
 Examples of these being used are pervasive through the `src/crypto` code.
 
+`HMACCtxPointer` is a dedicated HMAC state wrapper rather than a plain
+`DeleteFnPtr` alias. On OpenSSL 3 and later it owns the provider-backed
+`EVP_MAC`/`EVP_MAC_CTX` state. On OpenSSL 1.1.1 and BoringSSL it owns the
+legacy `HMAC_CTX` state. HMAC call sites should use `HMACCtxPointer::New()`,
+`init()`, `update()`, and `digest()`/`digestInto()` so the backend selection
+stays contained in ncrypto.
+
 ### `ByteSource`
 
 The `ByteSource` class is a helper utility representing a _read-only_ byte
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_hmac.cc b/src/crypto/crypto_hmac.cc
index acd4b819de38fc..42f3b53da0eaec 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_hmac.cc
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_hmac.cc
@@ -30,9 +30,7 @@ using v8::Uint32;
 using v8::Value;
 
 namespace crypto {
-Hmac::Hmac(Environment* env, Local<Object> wrap)
-    : BaseObject(env, wrap),
-      ctx_(nullptr) {
+Hmac::Hmac(Environment* env, Local<Object> wrap) : BaseObject(env, wrap) {
   MakeWeak();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_kmac.cc b/src/crypto/crypto_kmac.cc
index 1b685bb5f6983c..01e9e85092aedc 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_kmac.cc
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_kmac.cc
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "node_internals.h"
 #include "threadpoolwork-inl.h"
 
-#if OPENSSL_WITH_KMAC
+#if OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
 #include <openssl/core_names.h>
 #include <openssl/params.h>
 #include "crypto/crypto_keys.h"
@@ -220,4 +220,4 @@ void Kmac::RegisterExternalReferences(ExternalReferenceRegistry* registry) {
 
 }  // namespace node::crypto
 
-#endif  // OPENSSL_WITH_KMAC
+#endif  // OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_kmac.h b/src/crypto/crypto_kmac.h
index 5a8c9e5039f22b..fa44cc8d80cde6 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_kmac.h
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_kmac.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace node::crypto {
 
-#if OPENSSL_WITH_KMAC
+#if OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
 
 enum class KmacVariant { KMAC128, KMAC256 };
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ namespace Kmac {
 void Initialize(Environment* env, v8::Local<v8::Object> target) {}
 void RegisterExternalReferences(ExternalReferenceRegistry* registry) {}
 }  // namespace Kmac
-#endif  // OPENSSL_WITH_KMAC
+#endif  // OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
 
 }  // namespace node::crypto
 
diff --git a/src/node_crypto.cc b/src/node_crypto.cc
index 91d80e0dd379ba..7d52d835ca4cb3 100644
--- a/src/node_crypto.cc
+++ b/src/node_crypto.cc
@@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ namespace crypto {
 #define KEM_NAMESPACE_LIST(V)
 #endif
 
-#if OPENSSL_WITH_KMAC
+#if OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
 #define KMAC_NAMESPACE_LIST(V) V(Kmac)
 #else
 #define KMAC_NAMESPACE_LIST(V)
-#endif  // OPENSSL_WITH_KMAC
+#endif  // OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
 
 #define TURBOSHAKE_NAMESPACE_LIST(V) V(TurboShake)
 
diff --git a/src/node_crypto.h b/src/node_crypto.h
index ecc2b8c6a358c8..3bb95cb340d2ce 100644
--- a/src/node_crypto.h
+++ b/src/node_crypto.h
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 #if OPENSSL_WITH_KEM
 #include "crypto/crypto_kem.h"
 #endif
-#if OPENSSL_WITH_KMAC
+#if OPENSSL_WITH_EVP_MAC
 #include "crypto/crypto_kmac.h"
 #endif
 #include "crypto/crypto_keygen.h"
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-hmac.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-hmac.js
index 7af6ce37b578e2..9ddc4a4b880f2a 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-hmac.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-hmac.js
@@ -61,6 +61,18 @@ function testHmac(algo, key, data, expected) {
            '19fd6e1ba73d9ed2224dd5094a71babe85d9a892');
 }
 
+{
+  // Historically, dss1 and DSS1 are SHA-1 aliases.
+  const expected =
+    crypto.createHmac('sha1', 'key').update('data').digest('hex');
+
+  for (const algo of ['dss1', 'DSS1']) {
+    assert.strictEqual(
+      crypto.createHmac(algo, 'key').update('data').digest('hex'),
+      expected);
+  }
+}
+
 // Test HMAC (Wikipedia Test Cases)
 const wikipedia = [
   {