Add raytracing example

Cargo.toml

@@ -135,6 +135,8 @@ colorous = "1.0.12"
 web-time = "1.0.0"
 winit = "0.30.0"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.18", features = ["env-filter"] }
+glam = { version = "0.30.10", features = ["rand"] }
+rand = "0.9.2"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "android")'.dev-dependencies]
 winit = { version = "0.30.0", features = ["android-native-activity"] }
@@ -157,6 +159,8 @@ criterion = { version = "0.8.1", default-features = false, features = [
 wasm-bindgen-test = "0.3"
 console_error_panic_hook = "0.1"
 tracing-web = "0.1"
+# Allow `rand` crate to compile.
+getrandom = { version = "0.3.4", features = ["wasm_js"] }
 
 [target.'cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_vendor = "apple", target_os = "redox", target_family = "wasm", target_os = "windows")))'.dev-dependencies]
 rustix = { version = "1.0.1", features = ["event"] }

examples/raytracing/camera.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+use rand::Rng;
+
+use crate::ray::Ray;
+use crate::vec3;
+use crate::vec3::Point3;
+use crate::vec3::Vec3;
+
+pub struct Camera {
+    origin: Point3,
+    lower_left_corner: Point3,
+    horizontal: Vec3,
+    vertical: Vec3,
+    u: Vec3,
+    v: Vec3,
+    _w: Vec3,
+    lens_radius: f32,
+}
+
+impl Camera {
+    pub fn new(
+        position: Point3,
+        direction: Point3,
+        up: Vec3,
+        fov: f32, // Vertical field-of-view in degrees
+        aspect_ratio: f32,
+        aperture: f32,
+        focus_dist: f32,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let theta = fov.to_radians();
+        let h = f32::tan(theta / 2.0);
+        let viewport_height = 2.0 * h;
+        let viewport_width = aspect_ratio * viewport_height;
+
+        let w = (-direction).normalize();
+        let u = (up.cross(w)).normalize();
+        let v = w.cross(u);
+
+        let origin = position;
+        let horizontal = focus_dist * viewport_width * u;
+        let vertical = focus_dist * viewport_height * v;
+        let lower_left_corner = origin - horizontal / 2.0 - vertical / 2.0 - focus_dist * w;
+
+        let lens_radius = aperture / 2.0;
+
+        Self {
+            origin,
+            lower_left_corner,
+            horizontal,
+            vertical,
+            u,
+            v,
+            _w: w,
+            lens_radius,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_ray(&self, s: f32, t: f32, rng: &mut impl Rng) -> Ray {
+        let rd = self.lens_radius * vec3::random_in_unit_disk(rng);
+        let offset = self.u * rd.x + self.v * rd.y;
+
+        Ray::new(
+            self.origin + offset,
+            self.lower_left_corner + s * self.horizontal + t * self.vertical - self.origin - offset,
+        )
+    }
+}

examples/raytracing/game.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+use rand::rngs::SmallRng;
+use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng};
+use raw_window_handle::{HasDisplayHandle, HasWindowHandle};
+use softbuffer::Buffer;
+
+use crate::camera::Camera;
+use crate::vec3::{Color, Point3, Vec3};
+use crate::world::World;
+
+pub struct Game {
+    world: World,
+    up: Vec3,
+    camera_position: Point3,
+    pub camera_yaw: f32,
+    pub camera_pitch: f32,
+    /// x = right, y = up, z = forwards
+    pub camera_velocity: Vec3,
+    elapsed_time: Instant,
+}
+
+const SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL: i32 = 3;
+const MAX_DEPTH: i32 = 5;
+pub const MOVEMENT_SPEED: f32 = 10.0;
+pub const MOUSE_SENSITIVITY: f32 = 0.005;
+const DURATION_BETWEEN_TICKS: Duration = Duration::from_millis(10);
+
+impl Game {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let mut rng = SmallRng::from_os_rng();
+        let position = Point3::new(13.0, 2.0, 3.0);
+        let looking_at = Point3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+        let camera_direction = (looking_at - position).normalize();
+        let up = Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
+        Self {
+            world: World::random_scene(&mut rng),
+            up,
+            camera_position: position,
+            camera_yaw: camera_direction.x.atan2(camera_direction.z),
+            camera_pitch: camera_direction.y.clamp(-1.0, 1.0).asin(),
+            camera_velocity: Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+            elapsed_time: Instant::now(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw(
+        &self,
+        buffer: &mut Buffer<'_, impl HasDisplayHandle, impl HasWindowHandle>,
+        scale_factor: f32,
+    ) {
+        self.draw_scene(buffer, scale_factor);
+        self.draw_ui(buffer, scale_factor);
+    }
+
+    /// Draw the 3D scene.
+    fn draw_scene(
+        &self,
+        buffer: &mut Buffer<'_, impl HasDisplayHandle, impl HasWindowHandle>,
+        scale_factor: f32,
+    ) {
+        // Raytracing is expensive, so we only do it once every 4x4 pixel.
+        //
+        // FIXME(madsmtm): Avoid the need for this once we can do hardware scaling.
+        // https://github.com/rust-windowing/softbuffer/issues/177
+        let scale_factor = scale_factor * 4.0;
+
+        let width = buffer.width().get() as f32 / scale_factor;
+        let height = buffer.height().get() as f32 / scale_factor;
+
+        let dist_to_focus = 10.0;
+        let aperture = 0.1;
+        let cam = Camera::new(
+            self.camera_position,
+            self.camera_direction(),
+            self.up,
+            20.0,
+            width / height,
+            aperture,
+            dist_to_focus,
+        );
+
+        let mut pixels = vec![0; width as usize * height as usize];
+
+        let each_pixel = |rng: &mut SmallRng, i, pixel: &mut u32| {
+            let y = i % (width as usize);
+            let x = i / (width as usize);
+            let mut pixel_color = Color::default();
+            for _ in 0..SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL {
+                let s = (y as f32 + rng.random::<f32>()) / (width - 1.0);
+                let t = 1.0 - (x as f32 + rng.random::<f32>()) / (height - 1.0);
+                let r = cam.get_ray(s, t, rng);
+                pixel_color += r.trace(&self.world, MAX_DEPTH, rng);
+            }
+            *pixel = color_to_pixel(pixel_color, SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL);
+        };
+
+        // Render in parallel with rayon.
+        #[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))]
+        {
+            use rayon::prelude::*;
+
+            pixels
+                .par_iter_mut()
+                .enumerate()
+                .for_each_init(SmallRng::from_os_rng, move |rng, (i, pixel)| {
+                    each_pixel(rng, i, pixel)
+                });
+        };
+        #[cfg(target_family = "wasm")]
+        {
+            let mut rng = SmallRng::from_os_rng();
+            pixels
+                .iter_mut()
+                .enumerate()
+                .for_each(|(i, pixel)| each_pixel(&mut rng, i, pixel));
+        }
+
+        // Upscale by `scale_factor`.
+        let width = buffer.width().get() as usize;
+        buffer.iter_mut().enumerate().for_each(|(i, pixel)| {
+            let y = i % width;
+            let x = i / width;
+            let y = (y as f32 / scale_factor) as usize;
+            let x = (x as f32 / scale_factor) as usize;
+            if let Some(x) = pixels.get(x * (width as f32 / scale_factor) as usize + y) {
+                *pixel = *x;
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Draw a simple example UI on top of the scene.
+    fn draw_ui(
+        &self,
+        buffer: &mut Buffer<'_, impl HasDisplayHandle, impl HasWindowHandle>,
+        scale_factor: f32,
+    ) {
+        struct Rect {
+            left: f32,
+            right: f32,
+            top: f32,
+            bottom: f32,
+            color: u32,
+        }
+
+        let width = buffer.width().get() as f32 / scale_factor;
+        let height = buffer.height().get() as f32 / scale_factor;
+        let rects = &[
+            Rect {
+                left: 10.0,
+                right: width - 10.0,
+                top: height - 90.0,
+                bottom: height - 10.0,
+                color: 0x00eeaaaa,
+            },
+            Rect {
+                left: 30.0,
+                right: 70.0,
+                top: height - 70.0,
+                bottom: height - 30.0,
+                color: 0x00aaaaee,
+            },
+        ];
+
+        let width = buffer.width().get();
+        for (y, row) in buffer.chunks_exact_mut(width as usize).enumerate() {
+            for rect in rects {
+                let rect_vertical =
+                    (rect.top * scale_factor) as usize..(rect.bottom * scale_factor) as usize;
+                let rect_horizontal =
+                    (rect.left * scale_factor) as usize..(rect.right * scale_factor) as usize;
+                if rect_vertical.contains(&y) {
+                    if let Some(row) = row.get_mut(rect_horizontal) {
+                        row.fill(rect.color);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn tick(&mut self) {
+        let forward = self.camera_direction().with_y(0.0);
+        let right = forward.cross(self.up).normalize();
+        let up = right.cross(forward);
+        let movement = forward * self.camera_velocity.z
+            + up * self.camera_velocity.y
+            + right * self.camera_velocity.x;
+        self.camera_position += movement * DURATION_BETWEEN_TICKS.as_secs_f32();
+    }
+
+    pub fn update(&mut self) {
+        // Update game state.
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        while let Some(_remainder) = now
+            .duration_since(self.elapsed_time)
+            .checked_sub(DURATION_BETWEEN_TICKS)
+        {
+            self.elapsed_time += DURATION_BETWEEN_TICKS;
+            self.tick();
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn camera_direction(&self) -> Vec3 {
+        Vec3::new(
+            self.camera_pitch.cos() * self.camera_yaw.sin(),
+            self.camera_pitch.sin(),
+            self.camera_pitch.cos() * self.camera_yaw.cos(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+fn color_to_pixel(pixel_color: Color, samples_per_pixel: i32) -> u32 {
+    let mut r = pixel_color.x;
+    let mut g = pixel_color.y;
+    let mut b = pixel_color.z;
+
+    let scale = 1.0 / samples_per_pixel as f32;
+    r = f32::sqrt(scale * r);
+    g = f32::sqrt(scale * g);
+    b = f32::sqrt(scale * b);
+
+    (256.0 * b.clamp(0.0, 0.999)) as u32
+        | (((256.0 * g.clamp(0.0, 0.999)) as u32) << 8)
+        | (((256.0 * r.clamp(0.0, 0.999)) as u32) << 16)
+}