feat: implement entropy for hypergeometric distribution

lib/node_modules/@stdlib/stats/base/dists/hypergeometric/entropy/README.md

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+<!--
+
+@license Apache-2.0
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+
+-->
+
+# Entropy
+
+> [Hypergeometric][hypergeometric-distribution] distribution [entropy][entropy].
+
+The [entropy][entropy] (in nats) for a [hypergeometric][hypergeometric-distribution] random variable is
+
+<div class="equation" align="center" data-raw-text="H(X) = -\sum_{k=\max(0, n+K-N)}^{\min(n, K)} P(X=k) \ln(P(X=k))" data-equation="eq:entropy">
+    <img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/stdlib-js/stdlib@515340d9d7170753/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/stats/base/dists/hypergeometric/entropy/docs/img/equation_entropy.svg" alt="Entropy for a hypergeometric distribution.">
+    <br>
+</div>
+
+where `N` is the population size, `K` is the subpopulation size, and `n` is the number of draws.
+
+<section class="usage">
+
+## Usage
+
+```javascript
+var entropy = require( '@stdlib/stats/base/dists/hypergeometric/entropy' );
+```
+
+#### entropy( N, K, n )
+
+Returns the [entropy][entropy] of a [hypergeometric][hypergeometric-distribution] distribution with parameters `N` (population size), `K` (subpopulation size), and `n` (number of draws).
+
+```javascript
+var v = entropy( 16, 11, 4 );
+// returns ~1.216
+
+v = entropy( 2, 1, 1 );
+// returns ~0.693
+```
+
+If provided `NaN` for any parameter, the function returns `NaN`.
+
+```javascript
+var v = entropy( NaN, 10, 4 );
+// returns NaN
+
+v = entropy( 20, NaN, 4 );
+// returns NaN
+
+v = entropy( 20, 10, NaN );
+// returns NaN
+```
+
+If provided a parameter that is not a nonnegative integer, the function returns `NaN`.
+
+```javascript
+var v = entropy( 10.5, 5, 2 );
+// returns NaN
+
+v = entropy( 10, 1.5, 2 );
+// returns NaN
+
+v = entropy( 10, 5, -2.0 );
+// returns NaN
+```
+
+If the number of draws `n` exceeds the population size `N`, the function returns `NaN`.
+
+```javascript
+var v = entropy( 10, 5, 12 );
+// returns NaN
+```
+
+If the subpopulation size `K` exceeds the population size `N`, the function returns `NaN`.
+
+```javascript
+var v = entropy( 10, 12, 5 );
+// returns NaN
+```
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.usage -->
+
+<section class="examples">
+
+## Examples
+
+```javascript
+var entropy = require( '@stdlib/stats/base/dists/hypergeometric/entropy' );
+
+var v = entropy( 16, 11, 4 );
+console.log( v );
+// => 1.2156868611027067
+
+v = entropy( 2, 1, 1 );
+console.log( v );
+// => 0.6931471805599453
+
+v = entropy( 10, 5, 12 );
+console.log( v );
+// => NaN
+```
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.examples -->
+
+<section class="references">
+
+</section>
+
+ <!-- /.references -->
+
+<section class="related">
+
+</section>
+
+ <!-- /.related -->
+
+<section class="links">
+
+[hypergeometric-distribution]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypergeometric_distribution
+
+[entropy]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28information_theory%29
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.links -->

lib/node_modules/@stdlib/stats/base/dists/hypergeometric/entropy/benchmark/benchmark.js

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+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+var discreteUniform = require( '@stdlib/random/base/discrete-uniform' );
+var isnan = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nan' );
+var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
+var entropy = require( './../lib' );
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+bench( pkg, function benchmark( b ) {
+	var len;
+	var N;
+	var K;
+	var n;
+	var y;
+	var i;
+
+	len = 100;
+	N = new Float64Array( len );
+	K = new Float64Array( len );
+	n = new Float64Array( len );
+	for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
+		N[ i ] = discreteUniform( 1, 100 );
+		K[ i ] = discreteUniform( 1, N[ i ] );
+		n[ i ] = discreteUniform( 1, N[ i ] );
+	}
+
+	b.tic();
+	for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
+		y = entropy( N[ i % len ], K[ i % len ], n[ i % len ] );
+		if ( isnan( y ) ) {
+			b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+		}
+	}
+	b.toc();
+	if ( isnan( y ) ) {
+		b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+	}
+	b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
+	b.end();
+});

lib/node_modules/@stdlib/stats/base/dists/hypergeometric/entropy/benchmark/benchmark.native.js

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+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var resolve = require( 'path' ).resolve;
+var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+var discreteUniform = require( '@stdlib/random/base/discrete-uniform' );
+var isnan = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nan' );
+var tryRequire = require( '@stdlib/utils/try-require' );
+var format = require( '@stdlib/string/format' );
+var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var entropy = tryRequire( resolve( __dirname, './../lib/native.js' ) );
+var opts = {
+	'skip': ( entropy instanceof Error )
+};
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+bench( format( '%s::native', pkg ), opts, function benchmark( b ) {
+	var len;
+	var N;
+	var K;
+	var n;
+	var y;
+	var i;
+
+	len = 100;
+	N = new Float64Array( len );
+	K = new Float64Array( len );
+	n = new Float64Array( len );
+	for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
+		N[ i ] = discreteUniform( 1, 100 );
+		K[ i ] = discreteUniform( 1, N[ i ] );
+		n[ i ] = discreteUniform( 1, N[ i ] );
+	}
+	b.tic();
+	for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
+		y = entropy( N[ i % len ], K[ i % len ], n[ i % len ] );
+		if ( isnan( y ) ) {
+			b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+		}
+	}
+	b.toc();
+	if ( isnan( y ) ) {
+		b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+	}
+	b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
+	b.end();
+});